Globallast: controle e prevenção a bioinvasão

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate marine pollution caused by the transfer of marine alien species through the ballast water of ships, increasing maritime traffic and the use of large vessels has made of ballast water a very efficient mechanism on dispersion of organisms, increasing homogenization of flora and fauna worldwide.One of the greatest threats to the conservation of marine biodiversity on the planet is the unintended transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogenic agents through ballast water from ships. The other threats are sources of marine pollution land, exploitation of sources of marine life and the amendment/physical destruction marine habitat.We may say that shipping moves over 80% of the world ́s commodities and as a result, transfers approximately 3 to 5 billion tones of BALLAST WATER internationally each year. A similar volume may also be transferred domestically within countries and regions at the same interval time as well. Unfortunately this practice imposes serious environmental impacts, as well as economic impacts and for human life, because, in the process of the constant water exchange (apperception and unloading), increasingly exotic aquatic organisms it transported, and unloaded in different habitats, compete markedly for the dissemination of some evils in the world.This monograph has for objective to show the consequences ofthe ballast waterdischarges from ships by several parts of the planet, which may contain exotic and pathogenic species, into habitats aquatic (internal and maritime waters), in which there is no naturalpredators, as well as the actual damages to biota, the economy and the public health as result of these discharges. It takes care of, still, to present the legislation in national and international applied in the control of water ballast, emphasizing about the management of ballast water and sediments in ships.