As mudanças climáticas e sua influências na geopolítica do Ártico

Abstract

The purpose and relevance of this work is the analysis of the Arctic geopolitics evolution faced with climate changes and its consequences, highlighting th e atmospheric heating at higher levels than those report ed in other regions of the planet and the resulting melt of the polar ice cap and permafrost. In this study are mentioned some geographical, geophysical, anthropological and environmental aspects, and their impact on the geopolitics of the Arctic region, with a focus on climate changes as non - political factor and active in the evo lution and interaction of Ar ctic geopolitics. Preliminarily are defined the geographical boundaries and the Arctic A ctors components. In sequence there is a characterization of climate changes, their consequences and the main phenomena arising. The study a lso mentions some theori es of various renowned scholars as a basis for a better understanding of the evolution o f the geopolitics of the region. As a result of climate changes, specially for the retraction of the polar layer , are analyzed some impact generators factors in the geopolitics of the region involving economic, political, social, environmental and strategic aspects, as the prospect of the opening the sea routes Northwest and NSR, the discovery of large reserves of natural resources in the Arctic sea, the border and territorial disputes among Arctic States and that still remain undefined, and military preparation to guarantee the sovereignty and national security, with emphasis on the United S tates and Russia, as the holderStates of the largest military and technological potent ial. For this work preparation and to r each the proposed objective it was collected as much data as possible, by means of bibliographical research, reading materials related to climate changes and the melting of t he Arctic, the geopolitics of the region and international policy, collected from published documents by government agencies and non - governmental organizations, books, scientific articles, publications on the internet and national and international journal s.