Aspectos legais e regulamentares na gestão de segurança operacional: o papel dos fatores humanos na indústria do petróleo

Abstract

ABSTRACT The oil and gas industry is characterized by complex and high-risk operations, where the interaction between human operators and technological systems can lead to significant incidents if not properly managed. In this sense, this research addresses oil exploration with a specific focus on human factors, legal and regulatory aspects, and the lessons learned from major accidents to improve operational safety in the sector. The research details how these factors can be mitigated through training, improvements in system design, and the promotion of a robust safety culture. It then reviews current legislation, regulations from agencies such as the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Biofuels (ANP) in Brazil, and international standards that aim to ensure safety and reduce risks associated with exploration and production operations. In addition, the dissertation performs a comparative analysis of a series of major historical accidents, such as the Piper Alpha, P-36, Cidade de São Mateus, Alexander L. Kielland, Enchova, Montara, and Macondo disasters. Each case is examined to identify root causes and lessons learned that can be applied to prevent future incidents. Comparative analysis reveals common patterns in root causes, such as communication failures, inadequate maintenance, poor operational procedures, and gaps in supervision and training. Finally, the dissertation proposes a set of practical recommendations for the industry, based on detailed analysis and empirical evidence, aimed at improving operational safety. These recommendations include the implementation of best practices in training and capacity building, continuous improvement of safety management systems, and strengthening of regulation and oversight.