A regulação do Setor Nuclear Brasileiro como catalisador do desenvolvimento, segurança e defesa nacionais

Abstract

This research addresses the Brazilian Nuclear Sector and its strategic importance for national development, security and defense, considering its main actors and the governance issues that impact the activities developed and that have become the object of study by the Technical Groups within the Brazilian Nuclear Program Development Committee. The main objective of this research was to identify opportunities for improving the regulatory framework of the Brazilian Nuclear Sector and to present suggestions for changes in regulatory frameworks, to catalyze National Development, Security and Defense. An exploratory and qualitative study was carried out, using bibliographic, documentary and legislation research techniques. The work analyzed the main governance issues that impact the essential activities developed by the sector, in particular, the governance of nuclear mining and nuclear medicine activities, and the results of the work of the Technical Groups that analyzed these issues were also presented, pointing out possible solutions and suggestions for regulatory changes, such as the greater participation of the private sector in these activities under the regime of State permission. It was possible to conclude that there is a need to change the Federal Constitution, to make the State's monopoly over nuclear activities more flexible, without losing, however, the necessary control of the Sector. It is suggested to create a Leading Agency on issues involving several government agencies, such as Nuclear Licensing, to increase the celerity and efficiency of the Sector's activities.