Militarização do Ártico: estratégias dos Estados Unidos da América e da Rússia entre os anos de 1991 e 2022

Abstract

This work analyzes the process of Arctic militarization, focusing on the strategies adopted by the United States and Russia between 1991 and 2022. The Arctic, a region of growing geopolitical and strategic importance, has gained prominence in international politics due to climate changes that increase accessibility to maritime routes and natural resources. The research seeks to clarify whether the strategies of the US and Russia in this region align with Hans Morgenthau's Realist Theory, which emphasizes the pursuit of national power and security in an anarchic international system. Initially, the theoretical concepts of Realist Theory are presented, highlighting the importance of national power and its constitutive elements, such as natural resources, geography, and military preparedness. The analysis proceeds with an investigation into the strategies of the US and Russia in the Arctic, highlighting how both countries have intensified their military and economic presence in the region to secure their strategic interests. The dissertation also addresses the importance of the Arctic for Brazil, emphasizing the need for the country to develop a comprehensive and strategic approach to Arctic issues. Brazil must consider maritime security, international cooperation, technological development, and environmental preservation when formulating its policies for the region. The analysis of assumptions converges to confirm that the US and Russian strategies in the Arctic are indeed aligned with the conceptions of Realist Theory. Both countries seek to maximize their power and ensure their security in a region of growing strategic importance. For Brazil, it is crucial to develop a clear and well-founded national strategy to protect its interests and contribute to the promotion of a safer, more cooperative, and sustainable international environment.