Impactos das mudanças climáticas no poder marítimo: a seca histórica no rio Madeira em 2023

Abstract

The dissertation analyzes the effects of climate change on the Madeira River, a significant watercourse in the Amazon, during a severe drought that occurred in 2023. This extreme event brought significant socio-economic and environmental consequences, especially for Brazilian Maritime Power. The 2023 drought on the Madeira River drastically affected the river's navigability, limiting the draft of vessels and consequently the cargo transported. This increased operational costs due to the need for intensive dredging to maintain navigable routes. Logistics in the Amazon were severely compromised, affecting the export of commodities and amplifying the challenges for regional integration and economic development. Moreover, the drought exacerbated the pressure on riverine communities that depend on the river for subsistence and transport, highlighting the urgency of implementing effective water management strategies and mitigation policies. To address these challenges, several mitigating actions were adopted, including anticipatory dredging and the implementation of contingency plans for extreme weather events. The creation of a Climate Plan and the reorganization of the Interministerial Committee on Climate Change are examples of measures to strengthen Brazil's climate response until 2035. These actions are essential to reduce damage and prepare the region for future droughts, which, according to climate models, may become more frequent and severe. In conclusion, the dissertation emphasizes the need for an integrated and multidimensional approach to tackling climate change, involving cooperation between governments, local communities, and international organizations to ensure the resilience and sustainability of the Madeira River and Brazilian Maritime Power.