Política Marítima Nacional : elementos estruturantes que garantam a efetividade de uma política pública voltada para o mar

Abstract

This study addresses the importance of developing and implementing a National Maritime Policy (PMN) in Brazil as a public policy focused on the sea, highlighting its significance for sustainable marine resource management and national security. Based on the concepts and cycles of public policy, the thesis investigates the structural elements that can ensure the effectiveness of a PMN, focusing on the most suitable regulatory instrument and other related elements, considering its multifaceted nature and application along Brazil's extensive coastline. The current PMN, established in 1994, faces significant challenges, such as interinstitutional coordination and the need for adequate infrastructure, as well as opportunities like promoting a robust maritime culture and sustainable development. This is a descriptive and exploratory research, employing bibliographic and documental review. The work is structured into five main chapters. The first chapter introduces the study, contextualizing the importance of the sea for Brazil and the need for a new PMN. The second chapter discusses public policy concepts and their cycle. The third chapter provides a historical overview of the PMN's evolution in Brazil and the urgency for its revision. The fourth chapter identifies the main legislative instruments in the Brazilian process, presenting an example of law application in the National Environmental Policy (PNMA), and the debate on the most suitable instrument (decree or ordinary law). The fifth chapter describes the elements of public policy monitoring and evaluation, prioritizing ex-ante and ex-post evaluations to ensure the effectiveness of the new PMN. The conclusion reinforces the importance of the PMN for national sovereignty, environmental protection, and sustainable economic development. The Brazilian Navy, as the National Maritime Authority, plays a central role in implementing the PMN by coordinating actions, ensuring maritime security, and promoting marine resource sustainability. The thesis recommends enacting the new PMN through ordinary law and suggests specific actions for the Brazilian Navy to strengthen its role.