Guerra das Malvinas: impactos na estratégia militar e no pensamento político

Abstract

This study analyzes the lessons of the 1982 Falklands War for politicians and military leaders, focusing on military strategies, political decisions, reforms in the armed forces, and diplomacy, and how these lessons influenced subsequent practices. The general objective is to examine the learnings in terms of strategy, decision-making, and post-conflict reforms. The specific objectives include synthesizing the military strategies adopted by Argentina and the United Kingdom, evaluating their effectiveness and failures, examining the political decisions that led to the conflict and their repercussions, analyzing the reforms implemented in the armed forces of both countries, and investigating the lessons learned in the realm of diplomacy and international cooperation. The methodology used is qualitative and descriptive, based on in-depth bibliographic research. The analysis reveals that air and naval superiority, effective logistics, efficient command and control, and adaptability on the battlefield were crucial for military success. Political decisions, influenced by internal contexts such as economic crises and social pressures, had a significant impact on the developments of the conflict and its internal and international repercussions. Post-war reforms in the armed forces highlighted the importance of technological modernization, professionalization, and revision of military doctrines. In the diplomatic sphere, the actions of organizations like the UN and the OAS, although limited, underscored the need to improve mechanisms for mediation and conflict resolution. Post-war international cooperation contributed to the normalization of relations between Argentina and the United Kingdom, despite persistent tensions over the sovereignty of the islands. The conclusion is that the Falklands War offers valuable lessons on the importance of comprehensive preparation, effective diplomacy, integration of information operations, and international cooperation. These lessons remain relevant, guiding contemporary policies and practices and emphasizing the need to avoid repeating past mistakes in international conflicts.