Regras de engajamento: uma comparação do emprego das Forças Armadas do Brasil e da República do Peru em situação de distúrbios ou tensões internas aplicando Regras de Engajamento

Abstract

Human conflicts are central to the structuring of societies. The theories of Julien Freund, Aristotle, Hobbes, and Rousseau explain the nature and function of conflicts. Freund sees conflicts as inherent to human nature and fundamental for social progress, while Hobbes and Rousseau discuss the role of the social contract in maintaining order. Industrialization and globalization have amplified the scale and complexity of conflicts. In International Humanitarian Law, the principles of distinction, proportionality, military necessity, and humanity are highlighted. Globalization has transformed conflicts into transnational and multifaceted phenomena. In Brazil, the Rules of Engagement are applied in response to increasing urban violence, especially in Rio de Janeiro, where the Armed Forces are employed in Law and Order Guarantee operations, regulated by the Federal Constitution of 1988. In the Republic of Peru, the Rules of Engagement are grounded in Legislative Decree No. 1095, according to International Human Rights Law. The training of the Peruvian Armed Forces and the challenges they face underscore the need for clear rules to ensure security and public order. The comparative analysis between Brazil and Peru reveals differences and similarities, proposing that Brazil adopt Peruvian practices. An integrated approach that respects legal norms and promotes internal stability is essential, highlighting the importance of continuously improving the Rules of Engagement for effective military and internal security operations. By integrating effective practices from other countries, Brazil can develop a robust legal and operational framework that ensures the protection of citizens and the maintenance of public order.