A evolução estratégica naval estadunidense entre 2015 e 2020: contribuições para a evolução da estratégia naval brasileira

Abstract

History has shown that the Power of a State, in the field of international relations, is its ability to impose its will on others. The USA has conquered the role of hegemony largely in function of its geography and location. However, geopolitical analysis is particularly important to identify threats and opportunities, as well as to understand that hegemony is also achieved with the contribution of Maritime Power. Thus, the disputes for power in the maritime environment and the importance given to the seas by the Americans are understandable. Drawing the lessons and correlating the priority that the USA gives to the seas with the preparation of its naval strategy is of great relevance to Brazil. The Brazilian territorial extension, its great coastline and an economy dependent on maritime foreign trade brings with it some similarities with the USA. Despite that, the Political Power and the Brazilian society do not realize the importance of the Maritime Power is significant to identify the examples of a superpower for the conquest of projection in the discussions and international trade relations. Thus, it is important to verify how the actions and objectives detailed in the American naval strategy can contribute to the updating of the Brazilian naval strategy. Understanding how the evolution of the US naval strategy occurred, comparing with MB’s Strategic Planning and drawing a proposition of lessons and teachings for its updating was the objective of this study. For the fulfillment of the general objective, theoretical references were used with the concepts of Power, Strategy, "Seapower" and, in particular, the concepts of "Seapower" for the 21st century by Geoffrey Till. The methodology used in this work consisted of the search, through bibliographical and documentary research, and the investigation of the selected literature in the areas of Strategy and Geopolitics. The research was oriented and delimited with the analysis of the last two American naval strategies, how are defined their threats and objectives for the conquest of power in the maritime environment and how these actions can guide or assist the review of the Brazilian naval strategy. The analysis of the question caused the answer to be found from the clear definition of threats, investments in Defense and signaling for the design of a national maritime strategy.